The IP code or Ingress Protection code indicates how well a device is protected against water and dust. It is defined by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) under the international standard IEC 60529 which classifies and provides a guideline to the degree of protection provided by mechanical casings and electrical enclosures.
In the original IEC 60529 standard from year 1976, the letters IP are used without providing an explanation, and referred as "characteristic letters". In the next editions of the standard, from years 1989 and 1999 respectively, the IP is explained to denote.
40050-9 extended the newer IEC 60529 rating system with an IP69K rating for high-pressure, high-temperature wash-down applications. Enclosures conforming with ISO 20653:2013 must be both dust-tight (IP6X) and able to withstand high-pressure and steam cleaning.
• • – IK code on resistance to mechanical impacts• • for military equivalents
In the U.S., the defines in NEMA standard number 250. The following table outlines which IEC 60529 IP code each respective NEMA guideline meets. Ratings between the two standards are not.
“Lightning rods” are static discharge devices that are placed above buildings and solar-electric arrays, and connected to ground. They are meant to prevent static charge buildup and the surrounding atmosphere’s eventual ionization. They can help prevent a strike and can provide a path for a very high current to ground if a strike does.
Grounding is the most fundamental technique for protection against lightning damage. You can’t stop a lightning surge, but you can give it a direct path to ground.
For building wiring, the NEC requiresone side of a DC power system to be connected—or “bonded”—to ground. The AC portion of such a system must also be.
The weakest aspect of many installations is the connection to the earth itself. After all, you can’t just bolt a wire to the planet! Instead, you must bury or.
Array wiring should use minimum lengths of wire tucked into the metal framework. Positive and negative wires should be of equal length and be run together whenever possible. This will minimize the induction of excessive voltage between the.
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